Splitting the Echoes of Black Holes in Einstein-nonlinear Electrodynamic Theories

Abstract: Black hole echo is an important observable that can help us better understand gravitational theories. We present that the non-linear electrodynamic black holes can admit the multi-peak effective potential for the scalar perturbations, which can give rise to the echoes. After choosing suitable parameters, the effective potential can exhibit a structure with more than two peaks. Putting the initial wave packet released outside the peaks, we find that the time-domain profile of the echo will split when the peaks of the effective potential change from two to three. This is a phenomenon of black hole echo and it might be possible to determine the geometric structure of the black hole according to this phenomenon through gravitational wave detection.