On $\mathbb{Z}_{\ell}^{d}$-towers of graphs

Abstract: Let $\ell$ be a rational prime. We show that an analogue of a conjecture of Greenberg in graph theory holds true. More precisely, we show that when $n$ is sufficiently large, the $\ell$-adic valuation of the number of spanning trees at the $n$th layer of a $\mathbb{Z}_{\ell}^{d}$-tower of graphs is given by a polynomial in $\ell^{n}$ and $n$ with rational coefficients of total degree at most $d$ and of degree in $n$ at most one.