A Monte Carlo study on the temperature dependence of hysteresis loops in Ising Spin-1 Square Bilayers

Abstract: A Metropolis Monte Carlo simulation is used in this paper to investigate the temperature dependency of the hysteresis loops of a spin-1 bilayer with square monolayers. In this system, the atoms interact ferromagnetically in-plane, with either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic interplane interactions. The effects of four distinct combinations of the Hamiltonian parameters on the hysteresis behaviours are discussed in detail. The geometry of the hysteresis loops changes depending on how the exchange couplings are combined. With ferromagnetic interlayer coupling, only the central hysteresis loop opens while for the antiferromagnetic case, the hysteresis loop becomes a double loop for the specific combination of coupling strengths. Additionally, in all these cases, the area of the hysteresis loops grows with the gradual lowering of the temperature.