Quantum curves from refined topological recursion: the genus 0 case
Abstract: We formulate geometrically (without reference to physical models) a refined topological recursion applicable to genus zero curves of degree two, inspired by Chekhov-Eynard and Marchal, introducing new degrees of freedom in the process. For such curves, we prove the fundamental properties of the recursion analogous to the unrefined case. We show the quantization of spectral curves due to Iwaki-Koike-Takei can be generalized to this setting and give the explicit formula, which turns out to be related to the unrefined case by a simple transformation. For an important collection of examples, we write down the quantum curves and find that in the Nekrasov-Shatashvili limit, they take an especially simple form.
- L. Chekhov and B. Eynard, “Matrix eigenvalue model: Feynman graph technique for all genera,” JHEP 2006 (Dec, 2006) 026–026.
- L. Chekhov, B. Eynard, and O. Marchal, “Topological expansion of the Bethe ansatz, and quantum algebraic geometry,” 0911.1664.
- L. Chekhov, B. Eynard, and O. Marchal, “Topological expansion of the β𝛽\betaitalic_β-ensemble model and quantum algebraic geometry in the sectorwise approach,” Theor. Math. Phys. 166 (Feb, 2011) 141–185.
- L. Chekhov, “Logarithmic potential β𝛽\betaitalic_β-ensembles and Feynman graphs,” Proc. Steklov Inst. Math. 272 (2011), no. 1, 58–74.
- O. Marchal, “One-cut solution of the β𝛽\betaitalic_β ensembles in the zhukovsky variable,” J. Stat. Mech. 2012 (Jan, 2012) P01011.
- N. A. Nekrasov and S. L. Shatashvili, “Quantization of Integrable Systems and Four Dimensional Gauge Theories,” in 16th International Congress on Mathematical Physics, pp. 265–289. 8, 2009. 0908.4052.
- K. Iwaki, T. Koike, and Y. Takei, “Voros Coefficients for the Hypergeometric Differential Equations and Eynard-Orantin’s Topological Recursion - Part I : For the Weber Equation,” 1805.10945.
- K. Iwaki, T. Koike, and Y. Takei, “Voros coefficients for the hypergeometric differential equations and Eynard–Orantin’s topological recursion: Part II: For confluent family of hypergeometric equations,” Journal of Integrable Systems 4 (2019), no. 1, xyz004.
- K. Iwaki and O. Kidwai, “Topological recursion and uncoupled BPS structures II: Voros symbols and the τ𝜏\tauitalic_τ-function,” 2108.06995.
- K. Iwaki and O. Kidwai, “Topological recursion and uncoupled BPS structures I: BPS spectrum and free energies,” Adv. Math. 398 (2022) 108191.
- T. Bridgeland, “Riemann-Hilbert problems from Donaldson-Thomas theory,” Invent. Math. 216 (Dec, 2018) 69–124.
- D. Gaiotto, G. W. Moore, and A. Neitzke, “Wall-crossing, Hitchin systems, and the WKB approximation,” Adv. Math. 234 (2013) 239 – 403.
- A. Barbieri, T. Bridgeland, and J. Stoppa, “A Quantized Riemann–Hilbert Problem in Donaldson–Thomas Theory,” Int. Math. Res. Not. 2022 (12, 2020) 3417–3456, https://academic.oup.com/imrn/article-pdf/2022/5/3417/42621333/rnaa294.pdf.
- T. Bridgeland, “Geometry from Donaldson-Thomas invariants,” 1912.06504.
- V. Bouchard and M. Mariño, “Hurwitz numbers, matrix models and enumerative geometry,” Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 78 (2008) 263–283, 0709.1458.
- G. Borot, B. Eynard, M. Mulase, and B. Safnuk, “A Matrix model for simple Hurwitz numbers, and topological recursion,” J. Geom. Phys. 61 (2011) 522–540, 0906.1206.
- B. Eynard, M. Mulase, and B. Safnuk, “The Laplace transform of the cut-and-join equation and the Bouchard–Mariño conjecture on Hurwitz numbers,” Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. 47 (2011), no. 2, 629–670.
- P. Norbury and N. Scott, “Gromov-Witten invariants of ℙ1superscriptℙ1\mathbb{P}^{1}blackboard_P start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT 1 end_POSTSUPERSCRIPTand Eynard-Orantin invariants,” Geom. Topol. 18 (Oct, 2014) 1865–1910.
- N. Do and P. Norbury, “Topological recursion for irregular spectral curves,” J. Lond. Math. Soc. 97 (Mar, 2018) 398–426.
- B. Eynard and N. Orantin, “Computation of Open Gromov–Witten Invariants for Toric Calabi–Yau 3-Folds by Topological Recursion, a Proof of the BKMP Conjecture,” Commun. Math. Phys. 337 (2015), no. 2, 483–567, 1205.1103.
- P. Dunin-Barkowski, N. Orantin, S. Shadrin, and L. Spitz, “Identification of the Givental formula with the spectral curve topological recursion procedure,” Commun. Math. Phys. 328 (2014) 669–700, 1211.4021.
- M. Mirzakhani, “Simple geodesics and Weil-Petersson volumes of moduli spaces of bordered Riemann surfaces,” Invent. Math. 167 (2006), no. 1, 179–222.
- M. Mirzakhani, “Weil-Petersson volumes and intersection theory on the moduli space of curves,” J. Amer. Math. Soc. 20 (2007), no. 01, 1–24.
- M. Mulase and B. Safnuk, “Mirzakhani’s recursion relations, Virasoro constraints and the KdV hierarchy,” 0601.194.
- B. Eynard and N. Orantin, “Weil-Petersson volume of moduli spaces, Mirzakhani’s recursion and matrix models,” 0705.3600.
- A. Brini, B. Eynard, and M. Mariño, “Torus knots and mirror symmetry,” Ann. Henri Poincaré 13 (2012) 1873–1910, 1105.2012.
- S. Gukov and P. Sulkowski, “A-polynomial, B-model, and Quantization,” JHEP 02 (2012) 070, 1108.0002.
- J. Gu, H. Jockers, A. Klemm, and M. Soroush, “Knot Invariants from Topological Recursion on Augmentation Varieties,” Commun. Math. Phys. 336 (2015), no. 2, 987–1051, 1401.5095.
- V. Bouchard, A. Klemm, M. Mariño, and S. Pasquetti, “Remodeling the B-model,” Commun. Math. Phys. 287 (2009) 117–178, 0709.1453.
- V. Bouchard, A. Klemm, M. Mariño, and S. Pasquetti, “Topological open strings on orbifolds,” Commun. Math. Phys. 296 (2010) 589–623, 0807.0597.
- B. Fang, C.-C. M. Liu, and Z. Zong, “On the Remodeling Conjecture for Toric Calabi-Yau 3-Orbifolds,” J. Amer. Math. Soc. 33 (2020), no. 1, 135–222, 1604.07123.
- G. Borot, B. Eynard, and N. Orantin, “Abstract loop equations, topological recursion, and applications,” 0601.194.
- G. Borot and S. Shadrin, “Blobbed topological recursion: properties and applications,” Math. Proc. Camb. Philos. Soc. 162 (May, 2016) 39–87.
- V. Bouchard and B. Eynard, “Reconstructing wkb from topological recursion,” Journal de l’École polytechnique — Mathématiques 4 (2017) 845–908.
- G. Borot, V. Bouchard, N. K. Chidambaram, T. Creutzig, and D. Noshchenko, “Higher Airy structures, W-algebras and topological recursion,” 1812.08738.
- V. Bouchard, P. Ciosmak, L. Hadasz, K. Osuga, B. Ruba, and P. Sułkowski, “Super quantum airy structures,” Commun. Math. Phys. 380 (Oct, 2020) 449–522.
- V. Bouchard and K. Osuga, “𝒩=1𝒩1\mathcal{N}=1caligraphic_N = 1 Super Topological Recursion,” Lett. Math. Phys. 111 (Nov, 2021).
- K. Osuga, “Super topological recursion and Gaiotto vectors for superconformal blocks,” Lett. Math. Phys. 112 (2022), no. 3, 48, 2107.04588.
- J. E. Andersen, G. Borot, L. Chekhov, and N. Orantin, “The ABCD of topological recursion,” 1703.03307.
- M. Kontsevich and Y. Soibelman, “Airy structures and symplectic geometry of topological recursion,” 1701.09137.
- G. Borot, V. Bouchard, N. K. Chidambaram, and T. Creutzig, “Whittaker vectors for 𝒲𝒲\mathcal{W}caligraphic_W-algebras from topological recursion,” 2104.04516.
- V. Bouchard and K. Osuga, “Supereigenvalue Models and Topological Recursion,” JHEP 04 (2018) 138, 1802.03536.
- Springer, 2016.
- M. Manabe and P. Sułkowski, “Quantum curves and conformal field theory,” Phys. Rev. D 95 (Jun, 2017).
- I. Dumitriu and A. Edelman, “Matrix models for beta ensembles,” J. Math. Phys. 43 (2002), no. 11, 5830–5847.
- R. Dijkgraaf and C. Vafa, “Toda Theories, Matrix Models, Topological Strings, and N=2 Gauge Systems,” 0909.2453.
- L. F. Alday, D. Gaiotto, and Y. Tachikawa, “Liouville Correlation Functions from Four-dimensional Gauge Theories,” Lett. Math. Phys. 91 (2010) 167–197, 0906.3219.
- N. Nekrasov, “Seiberg-Witten prepotential from instanton counting,” Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 7 (2003), no. 5, 831–864, hep-th/0206161.
- G. Bonelli, K. Maruyoshi, and A. Tanzini, “Quantum Hitchin Systems via β𝛽{\beta}italic_β -Deformed Matrix Models,” Commun. Math. Phys. 358 (2018), no. 3, 1041–1064, 1104.4016.
- B. Eynard and N. Orantin, “Invariants of algebraic curves and topological expansion,” Commun. Number Theory Phys. 1 (2007), no. 2, math-ph/0702045.
- K. Iwaki, “2-Parameter τ𝜏\tauitalic_τ-Function for the First Painlevé Equation: Topological Recursion and Direct Monodromy Problem via Exact WKB Analysis,” Commun. Math. Phys. 377 (2020), no. 2, 1047–1098, 1902.06439.
- B. Eynard, E. Garcia-Failde, O. Marchal, and N. Orantin, “Quantization of classical spectral curves via topological recursion,” 2106.04339.
- M. Aganagic, R. Dijkgraaf, A. Klemm, M. Mariño, and C. Vafa, “Topological strings and integrable hierarchies,” Commun. Math. Phys. 261 (2006) 451–516, hep-th/0312085.
- O. Dumitrescu and M. Mulase, “Quantum curves for Hitchin fibrations and the Eynard-Orantin theory,” Lett. Math. Phys. 104 (2014) 635–671, 1310.6022.
- O. Dumitrescu and M. Mulase, “Interplay between opers, quantum curves, WKB analysis, and Higgs bundles,” SIGMA 17 (2021) 036, 1702.00511.
- O. Dumitrescu and M. Mulase, “Lectures on the topological recursion for Higgs bundles and quantum curves,” in The Geometry, Topology and Physics of Moduli Spaces of Higgs Bundles, pp. 103–198. World Scientific, 2018.
- T. Bridgeland and I. Smith, “Quadratic differentials as stability conditions,” Publ. Math. IHÉS 121 (2015), no. 1, 155–278.
- P. Ciosmak, L. Hadasz, M. Manabe, and P. Sułkowski, “Singular vector structure of quantum curves,” in 2016 AMS von Neumann Symposium Topological Recursion and its Influence in Analysis, Geometry, and Topology. 11, 2017. 1711.08031.
- N. Nekrasov, A. Rosly, and S. Shatashvili, “Darboux coordinates, Yang-Yang functional, and gauge theory,” Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 216 (2011) 69–93, 1103.3919.
- M. Aganagic, M. C. N. Cheng, R. Dijkgraaf, D. Krefl, and C. Vafa, “Quantum Geometry of Refined Topological Strings,” JHEP 11 (2012) 019, 1105.0630.
- L. Hollands and O. Kidwai, “Higher length-twist coordinates, generalized Heun’s opers, and twisted superpotentials,” Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 22 (June, 2019) 1713–1822.
- L. Hollands and A. Neitzke, “Exact WKB and abelianization for the T3subscript𝑇3T_{3}italic_T start_POSTSUBSCRIPT 3 end_POSTSUBSCRIPT equation,” Commun. Math. Phys. 380 (2020), no. 1, 131–186, 1906.04271.
- L. Hollands, P. Rüter, and R. J. Szabo, “A geometric recipe for twisted superpotentials,” JHEP 12 (2021) 164, 2109.14699.
- M. Alim, L. Hollands, and I. Tulli, “Quantum curves, resurgence and exact WKB,” 2203.08249.
- A. Grassi, J. Gu, and M. Mariño, “Non-perturbative approaches to the quantum Seiberg-Witten curve,” JHEP 07 (2020) 106, 1908.07065.
- A. Grassi, Q. Hao, and A. Neitzke, “Exact WKB methods in SU(2) Nf𝑓{}_{f}start_FLOATSUBSCRIPT italic_f end_FLOATSUBSCRIPT = 1,” JHEP 01 (2022) 046, 2105.03777.
- B. Eynard and N. Orantin, “Algebraic methods in random matrices and enumerative geometry,” 0811.3531.
- M. Kontsevich, “Intersection theory on the moduli space of curves and the matrix Airy function,” Commun. Math. Phys. 147 (1992), no. 1, 1–23.
- E. Witten, “Two-dimensional gravity and intersection theory on moduli space,” Surveys Diff. Geom. 1 (1991) 243–310.
- K. Iwaki and O. Marchal, “Painlevé 2 Equation with Arbitrary Monodromy Parameter, Topological Recursion and Determinantal Formulas,” Ann. Henri Poincare 18 (2017), no. 8, 2581–2620, 1411.0875.
- K. Iwaki and A. Saenz, “Quantum Curve and the First Painleve Equation,” SIGMA 12 (2016) 011, 1507.06557.
- L. Chekhov, B. Eynard, and N. Orantin, “Free energy topological expansion for the 2-matrix model,” JHEP 2006 (Dec, 2006) 053–053.
- V. Bouchard and B. Eynard, “Think globally, compute locally,” JHEP 2013 (Feb, 2013).
- B. Eynard, “A short overview of the “topological recursion”,” 1412.3286.
- A. Brini, M. Mariño, and S. Stevan, “The uses of the refined matrix model recursion,” J. Math. Phys. 52 (May, 2011) 052305.
- K. Iwaki and T. Nakanishi, “Exact WKB analysis and cluster algebras,” J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 47 (2014), no. 47, 474009.
Paper Prompts
Sign up for free to create and run prompts on this paper.