The initial state of Pluto-Charon with Tidal Evolution

Abstract: This study explores the gravitational interaction between Pluto and its moon Charon, which has led to their synchronous orbit, where they consistently show the same face to each other. This process is known as tidal evolution, which explains how the gravitational pull between two celestial bodies can adjust their spinning speeds until they match their orbital speed. By simulating various initial conditions, we aim to understand the specific paths Pluto and Charon might have taken to reach their current stage. We observe that the tilt of their orbits has a negligible long-term effect, typically stabilizing quickly. In our analysis, we examine a scenario when the orbital size initially increases, leading to an increased orbit and a high eccentricity, a phenomenon attributed to the dissipation of tidal energy.