Refined applications of Kato's Euler systems for modular forms

Abstract: We discuss refined applications of Kato's Euler systems for modular forms of higher weight at good primes (with more emphasis on the non-ordinary ones) beyond the one-sided divisibility of the main conjecture and the finiteness of Selmer groups. These include a proof of the Mazur--Tate conjecture on Fitting ideals of Selmer groups over $p$-cyclotomic extensions and a new interpretation of the Iwasawa main conjecture via the non-triviality of Kato's Kolyvagin systems with structural applications. Some applications to Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture are also discussed.