Integrability breaking in the Rule 54 cellular automaton

Abstract: Cellular automata have recently attracted a lot of attention as testbeds to explore the emergence of many-body quantum chaos and hydrodynamics. We consider the Rule 54 model, one of the simplest interacting integrable models featuring two species of quasiparticles (solitons), in the presence of an integrability-breaking perturbation that allows solitons to backscatter. We study the onset of thermalization and diffusive hydrodynamics in this model, compute perturbatively the diffusion constant of tracer particles, and comment on its relation to transport coefficients.