Spectrum of the Laplacian on a domain perturbed by small resonators

Abstract: It is widely known that the spectrum of the Dirichlet Laplacian is stable under small perturbations of a domain, while in the case of the Neumann or mixed boundary conditions the spectrum may abruptly change. In this work we discuss an example of such a domain perturbation. Let $\Omega$ be a (not {necessarily} bounded) domain in $\mathbb{R}^n$. We perturb it to $ \Omega_\varepsilon=\Omega\setminus \cup_{k=1}^m S_{k,\varepsilon},$ where $S_{k,\varepsilon}$ are closed surfaces with small suitably scaled holes (windows'') through which the bounded domains enclosed by these surfaces (resonators'') are connected to the outer domain. When $\varepsilon$ goes to zero, the resonators shrink to points. We prove that in the limit $\varepsilon\to 0$ the spectrum of the Laplacian on $\Omega_\varepsilon$ with the Neumann boundary conditions on $S_{k,\varepsilon}$ and the Dirichlet boundary conditions on the outer boundary converges to the union of the spectrum of the Dirichlet Laplacian on $\Omega$ and the numbers $\gamma_k$, $k=1,\dots,m$, being equal $1/4$ times the limit of the ratio between the capacity of the $k$th window and the volume of the $k$th resonator. We obtain an estimate on the rate of this convergence with respect to the Hausdorff-type metrics. Also, an application of this result is presented: we construct an unbounded waveguide-like domain with inserted resonators such that the eigenvalues of the Laplacian on this domain lying below the essential spectrum threshold do coincide with prescribed numbers.