Thermodynamic phase transition of Euler-Heisenberg-AdS black hole on free energy landscape

Abstract: We study the first order phase transition of Euler-Heisenberg-AdS black hole based on free energy landscape. By solving the Fokker-Planck equation, we research the probability distribution of the system states. The small (large) black hole can have the chance to switch to the large (small) black hole due to the change of the temperature $T$ or Euler-Heisenberg parameter $a$. A higher (lower) $T$ corresponds to a larger probability for a large (small) black hole. The coexistent small and large black hole states can be acquired for some conditions. For $0< a\leq \frac{32}{7} Q^2 $, the small-large black hole phase transition can be acquired with a small $a$. The probability of small (large) black holes will decrease to zero for a large $a$. For a small $a$, a higher peak of the first passage time can be acquired for higher (lower) $T$ or smaller (larger) $a$ with the initial small (large) black hole state. For $a<0$, a smaller (larger) $a$ corresponds to a larger probability for a large (small) black hole. A higher peak of the first passage time can also be obtained for higher (lower) $T$ or smaller (larger) $a$ with initial small (large) black hole state.