Uniqueness of solutions to nonlinear Schrödinger equations from their zeros

Abstract: We show novel types of uniqueness and rigidity results for Schr\"odinger equations in either the nonlinear case or in the presence of a complex-valued potential. As our main result we obtain that the trivial solution $u=0$ is the only solution for which the assumptions $u(t=0)\vert_{D}=0, u(t=T)\vert_{D}=0$ hold, where $D\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ are certain subsets of codimension one. In particular, $D$ is discrete for dimension $d=1$. Our main theorem can be seen as a nonlinear analogue of discrete Fourier uniqueness pairs such as the celebrated Radchenko--Viazovska formula, and the uniqueness result of the second author and M. Sousa for powers of integers. As an additional application, we deduce rigidity results for solutions to some semilinear elliptic equations from their zeros.