New physics behind the new muon $g$-2 puzzle?

Abstract: The recent measurement of the muon $g$-2 at Fermilab confirms the previous Brookhaven result. The leading hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution to the muon $g$-2 represents a crucial ingredient to establish if the Standard Model prediction differs from the experimental value. A recent lattice QCD result by the BMW collaboration shows a tension with the low-energy $e^{+e^-} \to \text{hadrons}$ data which are currently used to determine the HVP contribution. We refer to this tension as the new muon $g$-2 puzzle. In this Letter we consider the possibility that new physics contributes to the $e^{+e^-} \to \text{hadrons}$ cross-section. This scenario could, in principle, solve the new muon $g$-2 puzzle. However, we show that this solution is excluded by a number of experimental constraints.