The missing label of $\mathfrak{su}_3$ and its symmetry

Abstract: We present explicit formulas for the operators providing missing labels for the tensor product of two irreducible representations of $\mathfrak{su}_3$. The result is seen as a particular representation of the diagonal centraliser of $\mathfrak{su}_3$ through a pair of tridiagonal matrices. Using these explicit formulas, we investigate the symmetry of this missing label problem and we find a symmetry group of order 144 larger than what can be expected from the natural symmetries. Several realisations of this symmetry group are given, including an interpretation as a subgroup of the Weyl group of type $E_6$, which appeared in an earlier work as the symmetry group of the diagonal centraliser. Using the combinatorics of the root system of type $E_6$, we provide a family of representations of the diagonal centraliser by infinite tridiagonal matrices, from which all the finite-dimensional representations affording the missing label can be extracted. Besides, some connections with the Hahn algebra, Heun--Hahn operators and Bethe ansatz are discussed along with some similarities with the well-known symmetries of the Clebsch--Gordan coefficients.