Enhanced weak-value amplification via photon recycling

Abstract: In a quantum-noise limited system, weak-value amplification using post-selection normally does not produce more sensitive measurements than standard methods for ideal detectors: the increased weak value is compensated by the reduced power due to the small post-selection probability. Here we experimentally demonstrate recycled weak-value measurements using a pulsed light source and optical switch to enable nearly deterministic weak-value amplification of a mirror tilt. Using photon counting detectors, we demonstrate a signal improvement by a factor of $4.4 \pm 0.2$ and a signal-to-noise ratio improvement of $2.10 \pm 0.06$, compared to a single-pass weak-value experiment, and also compared to a conventional direct measurement of the tilt. The signal-to-noise ratio improvement could reach around 6 for the parameters of this experiment, assuming lower loss elements.