Black hole or Gravastar? The GW190521 case

Abstract: The existence of cosmological compact objects with very strong gravity is a prediction of General Relativity and an exact solution of the Einstein equations. These objects are called black holes and recently we had the first observations of them. However, the theory of black hole formation has some disadvantages. In order to avoid these, some scientists suggest the existence of gravastars (gravitation vacuum stars), an alternative stellar model which seems to solve the problems of the black hole theory. In this work we compare black holes and gravastars using a wide range of the literature and we emphasize the properties of gravastars, which are consistent with the current cosmological observations. Also, we propose gravastars as the solution of the "pair-instability" effect and a possible explanation for the observed masses of the compact objects, before the collapse, from the gravitational signal GW190521, since in the formation of a gravastar there aren't mass restrictions.