Probing Quantum Speed Limits with Ultracold Gases (2007.15019v3)

Abstract: Quantum Speed Limits (QSLs) rule the minimum time for a quantum state to evolve into a distinguishable state in an arbitrary physical process. These fundamental results constrain a notion of distance travelled by the quantum state, known as the Bures angle, in terms of the speed of evolution set by nonadiabatic energy fluctuations. We theoretically propose how to measure QSLs in an ultracold quantum gas confined in a time-dependent harmonic trap. In this highly-dimensional system of continuous variables, quantum tomography is prohibited. Yet, QSLs can be probed whenever the dynamics is self-similar by measuring as a function of time the cloud size of the ultracold gas. This makes possible to determine the Bures angle and energy fluctuations, as we discuss for various ultracold atomic systems.