Quantum Embedded Superstates

Abstract: Optical supercavity modes (superstates), i.e., hybrid modes emerging from the strong coupling of two nonorthogonal modes of an open cavity, can support ultranarrow lines in scattering spectra associated with quasi bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC). These modes are of great interest for sensing applications as they enable compact systems with unprecedented sensitivity. However, these quasi-BIC sensors obey the shot-noise limit, which may be overcome only in quantum sensors. Here, we unveil that a three-level quantum system (e.g., atom, quantum dot, superconducting qubit) can be tailored to support the quantum analog of an embedded superstate with an unboundedly narrow emission line in the strong coupling regime. Remarkably, we demonstrate that the coupling of such a system with a cavity (e.g., plasmonic or dielectric nanoparticle, microcavity, microwave resonator) enables sensing properties with significantly reduced noise. Our results can be applied to a plethora of quantum platforms from microwave superconductors to cold atoms and quantum dots, opening interesting opportunities for quantum sensing and computing.