The impact of small changes in thoroughfare connectivity on the potential for student walking

Abstract: Student active commuting to school is an important component to student achievement and student health, yet this form of physical activity has significantly declined in the U.S. Distance between the school and student residence is often reported as a barrier for student walking, thereby increasing street and trail connectivity between and within residential developments and schools could foster student walking. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential benefits of increased thoroughfare connectivity on student walking within school walking zones. This study conducts a cost-benefit analysis of increased thoroughfare connectivity around elementary and middle schools in a U.S. school system that serves sixty thousand students. Benefits, which include the increased time of physical activity from student walking and the potential cost-savings to a school system if they had fewer students to bus to school, are compared to the financial costs of the new connections. Advanced network optimization techniques were applied to several suburban and rural schools from a representative the school system to locate the optimal new thoroughfare connections that maximize student walking to a school and minimize the length of the new thoroughfare. Results from this case study showed that short and inexpensive new thoroughfares could increase the potential number of student active commuters and provide a significant increase of physical activity for those potential student walkers. This work can foster the integration of student walking and student health in residential planning decisions around schools.