The Semimetal-Mott Insulator Quantum Phase Transition of the Hubbard Model on the Honeycomb Lattice

Abstract: We take advantage of recent improvements in the grand canonical Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm, to perform a precision study of the single-particle gap in the hexagonal Hubbard model, with on-site electron-electron interactions. After carefully controlled analyses of the Trotter error, the thermodynamic limit, and finite-size scaling with inverse temperature, we find a critical coupling of $U_c/\kappa=3.834(14)$ and the critical exponent $z\nu=1.185(43)$. Under the assumption that this corresponds to the expected anti-ferromagnetic Mott transition, we are also able to provide a preliminary estimate $\beta=1.095(37)$ for the critical exponent of the order parameter. We consider our findings in view of the $SU(2)$ Gross-Neveu, or chiral Heisenberg, universality class. We also discuss the computational scaling of the Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm, and possible extensions of our work to carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, and topological insulators.