A new approach to the Thomas-Fermi boundary-value problem

Abstract: Given the Thomas-Fermi equation sqrt(x)phi''=phi*(3/2), this paper changes first the dependent variable by defining y(x)=sqrt(x phi(x)). The boundary conditions require that y(x) must vanish at the origin as sqrt(x), whereas it has a fall-off behaviour at infinity proportional to the power (1/2)(1-chi) of the independent variable x, chi being a positive number. Such boundary conditions lead to a 1-parameter family of approximate solutions in the form sqrt(x) times a ratio of finite linear combinations of integer and half-odd powers of x. If chi is set equal to 3, in order to agree exactly with the asymptotic solution of Sommerfeld, explicit forms of the approximate solution are obtained for all values of x. They agree exactly with the Majorana solution at small x, and remain very close to the numerical solution for all values of x. Remarkably, without making any use of series, our approximate solutions achieve a smooth transition from small-x to large-x behaviour. Eventually, the generalized Thomas-Fermi equation that includes relativistic, non-extensive and thermal effects is studied, finding approximate solutions at small and large x for small or finite values of the physical parameters in this equation.