Universal presence of time-crystalline phases and period-doubling oscillations in one-dimensional Floquet topological insulators

Abstract: In this work, we reported a ubiquitous presence of topological Floquet time crystal (TFTC) in one-dimensional periodically-driven systems. The rigidity and realization of spontaneous discrete time-translation symmetry (DTS) breaking in our model require necessarily coexistence of anomalous topological invariants (0 modes and $\pi$ modes), instead of the presence of disorders or many-body localization. We found that in a particular frequency range of the underlying drive, the anomalous Floquet phase coexistence between zero and pi modes can produce the period-doubling (2T, two cycles of the drive) that breaks the spontaneously, leading to the subharmonic response ($\omega/2$, half the drive frequency). The rigid period-oscillation is topologically-protected against perturbations due to both non-trivially opening of 0 and $\pi$-gaps in the quasienergy spectrum, thus, as a result, can be viewed as a specific "Rabi oscillation" between two Floquet eigenstates with certain quasienergy splitting $\pi/T$. Our modeling of the time-crystalline 'ground state' can be easily realized in experimental platforms such as topological photonics and ultracold fields. Also, our work can bring significant interests to explore topological phase transition in Floquet systems and to bridge the gap between Floquet topological insulators and photonics, and period-doubled time crystals.