Thermodynamics and Van der Waals Phase Transition of Charged Black Holes in Flat Space via Rényi Statistics

Abstract: The phase structure and critical phenomena of the 3+1 dimensional charged black holes in asymptotically flat spacetime are investigated in terms of thermodynamic properties within the R\'enyi statistics. With this approach as the non-extensive parameter above zero, we find that the charged black hole can be in thermodynamic equilibrium with surrounding thermal radiation, and have a Hawking-Page phase transition in the same way in the case of AdS charged black hole. This gives more evidence supporting the proposal that there exists an equivalence between the black hole thermodynamics in asymptotically flat spacetime via R\'enyi statistics and that in asymptotically AdS spacetime via Gibbs-Boltzmann statistics, proposed by Czinner et al. However, the present work also provides another aspect of supporting evidence through exploring the extended phase space within the R\'enyi statistics. Working on a modified version of Smarr formula, the thermodynamic pressure $P$ and volume $v$ of a charged black hole are found to be related to the non-extensive parameter. The resulting $P-v$ diagram indicates that the thermodynamics of charged black holes in asymptotically flat spacetime via R\'enyi statistics has the Van der Waals phase structure, equivalent to that in asymptotically AdS spacetime via Gibbs-Boltzmann statistics.