On Multitype Random Forests with a Given Degree Sequence, the Total Population of Branching Forests and Enumerations of Multitype Forests

Abstract: The degree sequence $(N_{i,j}(k),1\leq i,j\leq d,k\geq 0)$ of a multitype forest with $d$ types, is the number of individuals type $i$, having $k$ children type $j$. We construct a multitype forest sampled uniformly from all multitype forest with a given degree sequence (MFGDS). For this, we use an extension of the Ballot Theorem by (Chaumont and Liu, 2016), and generalize the Vervaat transform (Vervaat, 1979) to multidimensional discrete exchangeable increment processes. We prove that MFGDS are extensions of multitype Galton-Watson (MGW) forests, since mixing the laws of the former, one obtains MGW forests with fixed sizes by type (CMGW). We also obtain the law of the total population by types in a MGW forest, generalizing Otter-Dwass formula (Otter 1949, Dwass 1969). We apply this to obtain enumerations of plane, labeled and binary multitype forests having fixed roots and individuals by types. We give an algorithm to simulate certain CMGW forests, generalizing the unitype case of (Devroye, 2012).