General Relaxation Methods for Initial-Value Problems with Application to Multistep Schemes

Abstract: Recently, an approach known as relaxation has been developed for preserving the correct evolution of a functional in the numerical solution of initial-value problems, using Runge-Kutta methods. We generalize this approach to multistep methods, including all general linear methods of order two or higher, and many other classes of schemes. We prove the existence of a valid relaxation parameter and high-order accuracy of the resulting method, in the context of general equations, including but not limited to conservative or dissipative systems. The theory is illustrated with several numerical examples.