Label-free colorectal cancer screening using deep learning and spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM)

Abstract: Current pathology workflow involves staining of thin tissue slices, which otherwise would be transparent, followed by manual investigation under the microscope by a trained pathologist. While the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is well-established and a cost-effective method for visualizing histology slides, its color variability across preparations and subjectivity across clinicians remain unaddressed challenges. To mitigate these challenges, recently we have demonstrated that spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) can provide a path to intrinsic, objective markers, that are independent of preparation and human bias. Additionally, the sensitivity of SLIM to collagen fibers yields information relevant to patient outcome, which is not available in H&E. Here, we show that deep learning and SLIM can form a powerful combination for screening applications: training on 1,660 SLIM images of colon glands and validating on 144 glands, we obtained a benign vs. cancer classification accuracy of 99%. We envision that the SLIM whole slide scanner presented here paired with artificial intelligence algorithms may prove valuable as a pre-screening method, economizing the clinician's time and effort.