Partition of enstrophy between zonal and turbulent components

Abstract: The partition of enstrophy between zonal (ordered) and wavy (turbulent) components of vorticity has been studied for the beta-plane model of two-dimensional barotropic flow. An analytic estimate of the minimum value for the zonal component has been derived. The energy, angular momentum, circulation, as well as the total enstrophy are invoked as constraints for the minimization of the zonal enstrophy. The corresponding variational principle has an unusual mathematical structure (primarily because the target functional is not a coercive form), by which the constraints work out in an interesting way. A discrete set of zonal enstrophy levels is generated by the energy constraint; each level is specified by an eigenvalue that represents the lamination period of zonal flow. However, the value itself of the zonal enstrophy level is a function of only angular momentum and circulation, being independent of the energy (and total enstrophy). Instead, the energy works in selecting the "level" (eigenvalue) of the relaxed state. The relaxation occurs by emitting small-scale wavy enstrophy, and continues as far as the nonlinear effect, scaled by the energy, can create wavy enstrophy. Comparison with numerical simulations shows that the theory gives a proper estimate of the zonal enstrophy in the relaxed state.