Ergodic optimization and zero temperature limits in negative curvature

Abstract: In this paper we study aspects of the ergodic theory of the geodesic flow on a non-compact negatively curved manifold. It is a well known fact that every continuous potential on a compact metric space has a maximizing measure. Unfortunately, for non-compact spaces this fact is not longer true. For the geodesic flow we provide a criterion that ensures the existence of a maximizing measure for uniformly continuous potentials. We prove that the only obstruction to the existence of a maximizing measure is the full escape of mass phenomenon. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first general result on the existence of maximizing measures for non-compact topological spaces which does not require the potential to be coercive. We study zero temperature limits of equilibrium measures for a suitable family of potentials. We prove some convergence and divergence results for the limiting behaviour of such measures. Among some consequences we obtain that the geodesic flow has the intermediate entropy property and that equilibrium states are dense in the space of invariant probability measures.