Surfaces on the Severi line in positive characteristics

Abstract: Let $X$ be a minimal surface of general type over an algebraically closed field $\mathbf{k}$ of $\mathrm{char}.(\mathbf{k})=p\ge 0$. If the Albanese morphism $a_X:X\to \mathrm{Alb}_X$ is generically finite onto its image, we formulate a constant $c(X,L)\ge 0$ for a very ample line bundle $L$ on $\mathrm{Alb}_X$ such that $c(X,L)=0$ if and only if $\dim \mathrm{Alb}_X=2$ and $a_X: X\to \mathrm{Alb}_X$ is a double cover. A refined Severi inequality $$K^2_X\ge (4+{\rm min}{\,c(X,L),\,\frac{1}{3}\,})\chi(\mathcal{O}_X)$$ is proved. Then we prove that $K^2_X=4\chi(\mathcal{O}_X)$ if and only if the canonical model of $X$ is a flat double cover of an Abelian surface.