Sensitivity of isotope shift to distribution of nuclear charge density

Abstract: It is usually assumed that the field isotope shift (FIS) is completely determined by the change of the averaged squared values of the nuclear charge radius $\langle r^2\rangle$. Relativistic corrections modify the expression for FIS, which is actually described by the change of $\langle r^{2 \gamma}\rangle$, where $\gamma=\sqrt{1 - Z^2 \alpha^2}$. In the present paper we consider corrections to FIS which are due to the nuclear deformation and due to the predicted reduced charge density in the middle of the superheavy nuclei produced by a very strong proton repulsion (hole in the nuclear centre). Specifically, we investigate effects which can not be completely reduced to the change of $\langle r^2 \rangle$ or $\langle r^{2 \gamma}\rangle$.