Einstein's Equations in Matter

Abstract: Einstein's equations in matter are gravitational analogues of Maxwell's equations in matter, providing an effective classical description of gravitational fields. We derive Einstein's equations in matter for relativistic fluids, and use them to illustrate how the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations are modified by the matter's response to curvature. For a gas of massive fermions, we evaluate how the effective Newton's constant and other susceptibilities depend on the temperature and density. In anti-de Sitter space, we study the $O(1/(T\ell)^2)$ corrections to the geometries sourced by perfect fluids, and illustrate the breakdown of hydrostatics in AdS at small temperatures.