How the modified Bertrand theorem explains regularities of the periodic table I. From conformal invariance to Hopf mapping

Abstract: Bertrand theorem permits closed orbits in 3d Euclidean space only for 2 types of central potentials. These are of Kepler-Coulomb and harmonic oscillator type. Volker Perlick recently extended Bertrand theorem. He designed new static spherically symmetric (Bertrand) spacetimes obeying Einsteins equations and supporting closed orbits. In this work we prove that the topology and geometry of these spacetimes permits to solve quantum many-body problem for any atom of periodic system exactly. The computations of spectrum for any atom of periodic system becomes analogous to that for hydrogen atom. Initially the exact solution of the Schr\"odinger equation for any multielectron atom was obtained by Tietz in 1956. However, neither himself nor others fully comprehended what actually was obtained. We recalculated Tietz results by applying the methodology consistent with new (different from that developed by Fock in 1936) way of solving Schro"odingers equation for hydrogen atom. In the light of this new result it had become possible to demonstrate rigorously that the Tietz-type Schro"odingers equation is in fact describing the quantum motion in Bertrand spacetime. As a bonus, we obtained the analytical proof of the Madelung rule defined in the text