A systematic procedure to build the beyond generalized Proca field theory

Abstract: To date, different alternative theories of gravity, although related, involving Proca fields have been proposed. Unfortunately, the procedure to obtain the relevant terms in some formulations has not been systematic enough or exhaustive, thus resulting in some missing terms or ambiguity in the process carried out. In this paper, we propose a systematic procedure to build the beyond generalized theory for a Proca field in four dimensions containing only the field itself and its first-order derivatives. We examine the validity of our procedure at the fourth level of the generalized Proca theory. In our approach, we employ all the possible Lorentz-invariant Lagrangian pieces made of the Proca field and its first-order derivatives, including those that violate parity, and find the relevant combination that propagates only three degrees of freedom and has healthy dynamics for the longitudinal mode. The key step in our procedure is to retain the flat space-time divergences of the currents in the theory during the covariantization process. In the curved space-time theory, some of the retained terms are no longer current divergences so that they induce the new terms that identify the beyond generalized Proca field theory. The procedure constitutes a systematic method to build general theories for multiple vector fields with or without internal symmetries.