Simple $\mathbb{Z}$-graded domains of Gelfand-Kirillov dimension two

Abstract: Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field and $A$ a $\mathbb{Z}$-graded finitely generated simple $k$-algebra which is a domain of Gelfand-Kirillov dimension 2. We show that the category of $\mathbb{Z}$-graded right $A$-modules is equivalent to the category of quasicoherent sheaves on a certain quotient stack. The theory of these simple algebras is closely related to that of a class of generalized Weyl algebras (GWAs). We prove a translation principle for the noncommutative schemes of these GWAs, shedding new light on the classical translation principle for the infinite-dimensional primitive quotients of $U(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$.