Deterministic versus probabilistic quantum information masking

Abstract: We investigate quantum information masking for arbitrary dimensional quantum states. We show that mutually orthogonal quantum states can always be served for deterministic masking of quantum information. We further construct a probabilistic masking machine for linearly independent states. It is shown that a set of d dimensional states, ${ |a_1 \rangle_A, |t a_2 \rangle_A, \dots, |a_n \rangle_A }$, $n \leq d$, can be probabilistically masked by a general unitary-reduction operation if they are linearly independent. The maximal successful probability of probabilistic masking is analyzed and derived for the case of two initial states.