Topologically non-trivial photonic surface degeneracy in a photonic metamaterial

Abstract: The recent development of topological photonics has revealed a variety of intriguing phenomena such as Weyl degeneracy. However, topologically non-trivial degeneracy with higher dimension has not been reported in photonics. In this Letter, topologically charged photonic surface degeneracy in a helix structure possessing two-fold screw symmetry is demonstrated. Calculated Chern number and photonic Fermi arcs support topological phase of the surface degeneracy. We also show that the photonic system can work in both metamaterial and photonic crystal regime, which have an order of magnitude different frequency range by the choice of material for the helix. This work suggests the possibilities of unprecedented photonic topological features with higher dimensions.