General mathematical analysis on multiple solutions of interfering resonances combinations

Abstract: When fitting cross sections with several resonances or interfering background and resonances, one usually obtains multiple solutions of parameters with equal fitting quality. In the present work, we find the source of multiple solutions for a combination of several resonances or interfering background and resonances by analyzing the mathematical structure of the Breit-Wigner function. We find that there are $2^n$ fitting solutions with equal quality for $n+1$ resonances, and the multiplicity of the interfering background and resonances depends on zeros of the amplitudes in the complex plane. We provide a simple, general method to infer all other solutions with equal fitting quality from a known solution.