SMA Observations of Extended $\rm{CO}\,(J=2-1)$ Emission in Interacting Galaxy NGC 3627

Abstract: We present moderate (${\sim}5^{\prime\prime}$) and high angular resolution (${\sim}1^{\prime\prime}$) observations of $^{12}\rm{CO\,}(J=2-1)$ emission toward nearby, interacting galaxy NGC 3627 taken with the Submillimeter Array (SMA). These SMA mosaic maps of NGC 3627 reveal a prominent nuclear peak, inter-arm regions, and diffuse, extended emission in the spiral arms. A velocity gradient of ${\sim}400$-$450$ km s$^{-1}$ is seen across the entire galaxy with velocity dispersions ranging from $\lesssim 80$ km s$^{-1}$ toward the nuclear region to $\lesssim 15$ km s$^{-1}$ in the spiral arms. We also detect unresolved $^{13}\rm{CO\,}(J=2-1)$ line emission toward the nuclear region, southern bar end, and in a relatively isolated clump in the southern portion of the galaxy, while no $\rm{C}^{18}O(J=2-1)$ line emission is detected at a $3\sigma$ rms noise level of 42 mJy beam$^{-1}$ per 20 km s$^{-1}$ channel. Using RADEX modeling with a large velocity gradient approximation, we derive kinetic temperatures ranging from ${\sim}5$-$10$ K (in the spiral arms) to ${\sim}25$ K (at the center) and H$2$ number densities from ${\sim}$400-1000 cm$^{-3}$ (in the spiral arms) to ${\sim}$12500 cm$^{-3}$ (at the center). From this density modeling, we find a total H$_2$ mass of $9.6\times10^9 M{\odot}$, which is ${\sim}50\%$ higher than previous estimates made using a constant H$2$-CO conversion factor but is largely dependent on the assumed vertical distribution of the CO gas. With the exception of the nuclear region, we also identify a tentative correlation between star formation efficiency and kinetic temperature. We derive a galactic rotation curve, finding a peak velocity of ${\sim}207$ km s$^{-1}$ and estimate a total dynamical mass of $4.94 \pm 0.70 \times 10^{10} M{\odot}$ at a galactocentric radius of ${\sim}6.2$ kpc ($121^{\prime\prime}$).