Multi-parameter Quantum Magnetometry with Spin States in coarsened measurement reference

Abstract: We investigate the simultaneous estimation of the intensity and the orientation of a magnetic field by the multi-parameter quantum Fisher information matrix. A general expression is achieved for the simultaneous estimation precision of the intensity and the orientation, which is better than the independent estimation precision for the given number of spin states. Moreover, we consider an imperfect measurement device, coarsened measurement reference. For the case of the measurement reference rotating around the $y-$axis randomly, the simultaneous estimation always performs better than the independent estimation. For all other cases, the simultaneous estimation precision will not perform better than the independent estimation when the coarsened degree is larger than a certain value.