Chen ranks and resonance varieties of the upper McCool groups

Abstract: The group of basis-conjugating automorphisms of the free group of rank $n$, also known as the McCool group or the welded braid group $P\Sigma_n$, contains a much-studied subgroup, called the upper McCool group $P\Sigma_n<sup>+$. Starting from the cohomology ring of $P\Sigma_n<sup>+$, we find, by means of a Gr\"obner basis computation, a simple presentation for the infinitesimal Alexander invariant of this group, from which we determine the resonance varieties and the Chen ranks of the upper McCool groups. These computations reveal that, unlike for the pure braid group $P_n$ and the full McCool group $P\Sigma_n$, the Chen ranks conjecture does not hold for $P\Sigma_n<sup>+$, for any $n\ge 4$. Consequently, $P\Sigma_n<sup>+$ is not isomorphic to $P_n$ in that range, thus answering a question of Cohen, Pakianathan, Vershinin, and Wu. We also determine the scheme structure of the resonance varieties $\mathcal{R}_1(P\Sigma_n<sup>+)$, and show that these schemes are not reduced for $n\geq 4$.