On the dissociation between potential vorticity conservation and symmetries

Abstract: Using a four-dimensional manifestly covariant formalism suitable for classical fluid dynamics, it is shown that the conservation of potential vorticity is not associated with any symmetry of the equations of motion but is instead a trivial conservation law of the second kind. The demonstration is provided in arbitrary coordinates and therefore applies to comoving (or label) coordinates. Since this is at odds with previous studies, which claimed that potential vorticity conservation is associated with a symmetry under particle-relabeling, a detailed discussion on relabeling transformations is also presented.