A breakdown of injectivity for weighted ray transforms in multidimensions

Abstract: We consider weighted ray-transforms $P_W$ (weighted Radon transforms along straight lines) in $\mathbb{R}^d, \, d\geq 2,$ with strictly positive weights $W$. We construct an example of such a transform with non-trivial kernel in the space of infinitely smooth compactly supported functions on $\mathbb{R}<sup>d$. In addition, the constructed weight $W$ is rotation-invariant continuous and is infinitely smooth almost everywhere on $\mathbb{R}^d \times \mathbb{S}<sup>{d-1}$. In particular, by this construction we give counterexamples to some well-known injectivity results for weighted ray transforms for the case when the regularity of $W$ is slightly relaxed. We also give examples of continous strictly positive $W$ such that $\dim \ker P_W \geq n$ in the space of infinitely smooth compactly supported functions on $\mathbb{R}<sup>d$ for arbitrary $n\in \mathbb{N}\cup {\infty}$, where $W$ are infinitely smooth for $d=2$ and infinitely smooth almost everywhere for $d\geq 3$.