The algebraic Bethe Ansatz and combinatorial trees

Abstract: We present in this paper a comprehensive introduction to the algebraic Bethe Ansatz, taking as examples the six-vertex model with periodic and non-periodic boundary conditions. We propose a diagrammatic representation of the commutation relations used in the algebraic Bethe Ansatz, so that the action of the transfer matrix in the nth excited state gives place to labeled combinatorial trees. The analysis of these combinatorial trees provides in a straightforward way the eigenvalues and eigenstates of the transfer matrix, as well as the respective Bethe Ansatz equations. Several identities between the R-matrix elements can also be derived from the symmetry of these diagrams regarding the permutation of their labels. This combinatorial approach gives some insights about how the algebraic Bethe Ansatz works, which can be valuable for non-experts readers.