Structure of Optimal State Discrimination in Generalized Probabilistic Theories

Abstract: We consider optimal state discrimination in a general convex operational framework, so-called generalized probabilistic theories (GPTs), and present a general method of optimal discrimination by applying the complementarity problem from convex optimization. The method exploits the convex geometry of states but not other detailed conditions or relations of states and effects. We also show that properties in optimal quantum state discrimination are shared in GPTs in general: i) no measurement sometimes gives optimal discrimination, and ii) optimal measurement is not unique.