Enhanced nonlinear optical response from individual silicon nanowires

Abstract: We report about the experimental observation and characterization of nonlinear optical properties of individual silicon nanowires of different dimensions. Our results show that the nonlinear light has different components, one of them corresponding to the second harmonic generation (SHG). The SHG strongly depends on the polarization of the optical excitation and nanowire diameter, and gives access to the local electromagnetic field intensity distribution. Furthermore, we show that the second harmonic, when observed, is enhanced compared to bulk silicon and is sensitive to optical resonances supported by the nanowires. This offers different perspectives on the definition of silicon-based nonlinear photonic devices.