Dynamics of hard rods with initial domain wall state

Abstract: Inspired by recent results on the non-equilibrium dynamics of many-body quantum systems, we study the classical hard rod problem in one dimension with initial domain wall condition. Hard rods are an integrable system, in the sense that for each velocity the density of particles is locally conserved. It was proven by Boldrighini, Dobrushin and Sukhov (1983) that on the hydrodynamic space-time scale, the fluid of hard rods satisfies Euler-type equations which comprise all conservation laws. We provide the general solution to these equations on the line, with an initial condition where the left and right halves are, asymptotically, in different states. The solution is interpreted as being composed of a continuum of contact discontinuities, one for each velocity. This is a classical counterpart of the transport problem solved recently in quantum integrable systems. We provide two independent derivations, one paralleling that in the quantum case, the other using explicitly the microscopic dynamics. Finally, we discuss the Navier-Stokes (viscous) corrections, and study its effect on the broadening of the contact discontinuity and on entropy production.