Analytical solutions and genuine multipartite entanglement of the three-qubit Dicke model

Abstract: We present analytical solutions to three qubits and a single-mode cavity coupling system beyond the rotating-wave approximation (RWA). The zero-th order approximation gives correct solutions when the qubits are far detuned from the cavity. The first order approximation, called generalized rotating-wave approximation (GRWA), produces an effective solvable Hamiltonian with the same form as the ordinary RWA one and exhibits substantial improvements of energy levels over the RWA even on resonance. Based on these analytical eigen-solutions, we study both the bipartite entanglement and genuine multipartite entanglement (GME). The dynamics of the concurrence and the GME using the GRWA are in consistent with the numerical ones. Interestingly, the well known sudden death of entanglement occurs in the bipartite entanglement dynamics but not in GME dynamics.