Connection coefficients for classical orthogonal polynomials of several variables

Abstract: Connection coefficients between different orthonormal bases satisfy two discrete orthogonal relations themselves. For classical orthogonal polynomials whose weights are invariant under the action of the symmetric group, connection coefficients between a basis consisting of products of hypergeometric functions and another basis obtained from the first one by applying a permutation are studied. For the Jacobi polynomials on the simplex, it is shown that the connection coefficients can be expressed in terms of Tratnik's multivariable Racah polynomials and their weights. This gives, in particular, a new interpretation of the hidden duality between the variables and the degree indices of the Racah polynomials, which lies at the heart of their bispectral properties. These techniques also lead to explicit formulas for connection coefficients of Hahn and Krawtchouk polynomials of several variables, as well as for orthogonal polynomials on balls and spheres.