Percolation of the Site Random-Cluster Model by Monte Carlo Method

Abstract: Herein, we propose a site random cluster model by introducing an additional cluster weight in the partition function of the traditional site percolation. To simulate the model on a square lattice, we combine the color-assignation and the Swendsen-Wang methods together to design a highly efficient cluster algorithm with a small critical slowing-down phenomenon. To verify whether or not it is consistent with the bond random cluster model, we measure several quantities such as the wrapping probability $R_e$, the percolation strength $P_\infty$, and the magnetic susceptibility per site $\chi_p$ as well as two exponents such as the thermal exponent $y_t$ and the fractal dimension $y_h$ of the largest cluster. We find that for different exponents of cluster weight q=1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 and 4, the numerical estimation of the exponents $y_t$ and $y_h$ are consistent with the theoretical values. The universalities of the site random cluster model and the bond random cluster model are completely identical. For larger values of $q$, we find obvious signatures of the first-order percolation transition by the histograms and the hysteresis loops of the percolation strength and the energy per site. Our results are helpful for the understanding of the percolation of traditional statistical models.