Focusing in Arthurs-Kelly-type Joint Measurements with Correlated Probes

Abstract: Joint approximate measurement schemes of position and momentum provide us with a means of inferring pieces of complementary information if we allow for the irreducible noise required by quantum theory. One such scheme is given by the Arthurs-Kelly model, where information about a system is extracted via indirect probe measurements. So far, only separable uncorrelated probes have been considered. Here, following Di Lorenzo (PRL 110, 120403 (2013)), we extend this model to both entangled and classically correlated probes, achieving full generality. We find the measured observable of the system under consideration to be covariant under phase space translations, and show that correlated probes can produce more precise joint measurement outcomes of position and momentum than the same probes can achieve if applied alone to realize a position or momentum measurement. Contrary to Di Lorenzo's claim, we find that nevertheless there are no violations of Heisenberg's measurement uncertainty relations in these generalized Arthurs-Kelly models.