Minimum Error Discrimination of Linearly Independent Pure States: Analytic Properties of POVM (1402.4553v1)

Abstract: The optimization conditions for minimum error discrimination of linearly independent pure states comprise of two kinds: stationary conditions over the space of rank one projective measurements and the global maximization conditions. A discrete number of projective measurments will solve th former of which a unique one will solve the latter. In the case of three real linearly independent pure states we show that the stationary conditions translate to a system of simultaneous polynomial (non linear) equations in three variabes thus explaining why it's so difficult to obtain a closed-form solution for the optimal POVM. Additionally, our method suggests that as an ensemble of LI pure states is varied as a smooth function of some independent parameters, the optimal POVM will also vary smoothly as a function of the same parameters. By employing the implicit functions theorem we exploit this fact to obtain a technique to find the solution of MED of LI pure states by dragging the solution from a known example (say, pure orthogonal states) to any general linearly indepenent ensemble of pure states in the same Hilbert space. By employing RK4 to solve the first order coupled non-linear differential equations find that the resulting error is within the RK4 error performance.