Flat rank 2 vector bundles on genus 2 curves

Abstract: We study the moduli space of trace-free irreducible rank 2 holomorphic connections over a complex projective curve of genus 2 and the forgetful map towards the moduli space of underlying vector bundles (including unstable bundles), for which we compute a natural Lagrangian rational section. As a particularity of the genus $2$ case, connections as above are invariant under the hyperelliptic involution : they descend as rank $2$ logarithmic connections over the Riemann sphere. We establish explicit links between the well-known moduli space of the underlying parabolic bundles with the classical approaches by Narasimhan-Ramanan, Tyurin and Bertram. This allow us to explain a certain number of geometric phenomena in the considered moduli spaces such as the classical $(16,6)$-configuration of the Kummer surface. We also recover a Poincar\'e family due to Bolognesi on a degree 2 cover of the Narasimhan-Ramanan moduli space. We explicitly compute the Hitchin integrable system on the moduli space of Higgs bundles and compare the Hitchin Hamiltonians with those found by vanGeemen-Previato. We explicitly describe the isomonodromic foliation in the moduli space of vector bundles with $\mathfrak{sl}_2({\mathbb C})$-connection over curves of genus 2 and prove the transversality of the induced flow with the locus of unstable bundles.